Philosophy
Table of Contents
Definition
- It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and priciples which governs all things.
- The search for answers to life's questions lies on the essence of philosophy.
- refers generally to ideas, views, principles, perspectives, or beliefs held either by individuals or groups of individuals, regardless of the specific nature (religious, cultural, scientific, historical, or psychological) of these ideas, views, principles, perspectives, or beliefs.
Premise
- Human beings are inquisitive.
- Since early childhood we ask questions.
Philosopher
- Lover of wisdom.
- He/she puts meaning to what is out there.
- Open to changes and discovery.
- He/she doesn't stop knowing, wondering and asking questions.
- Wants to find the truth, meaning and sense.
- Someone who goes beyond the surface of things, experiences transcendence and possess beautiful mind.
History
Birthplace
- Philosophy all started from Miletus, Greece, a city in ancient Ionia (present-day Turkey).
Thales of Miletus
- 624-546 BCE
- The first Philosopher and the Father of Philosophy.
- He introduced a new approach to understanding the world, emphasizing rational inquiry.
Analytical Perspective
Holistic Thinking
- looking at the general problem.
- refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems.
- often described as looking at the "big picture".
- requires an individual to have an open mindset and an ability to get the general sense regarding the situation.
- enables a person to step back and consider the general aspects of a certain problem.
- Philosophy uses holistic thinking in making sense of problems and issues related to human experience.
Partial Thinking
- looking at a specific problem.
- looks at only a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation.
- It is an important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand.
Branches
Cognitive
Logic
- art of thinking
- deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning.
- uses empirical support and information which are reliable, valid and objective.
Epistemology
- concerns with the definition of Knowledge and related concepts such as norses and criteria of knowledge.
- Theory of knowledge.
- Rational School
- the main source of knowledge is Deductive Reasoning.
- based on self-evident principles or actions.
- Empirical School
- The source of knowledge is sense-perception.
Metaphysics
- came from the words:
- "meta" or beyond.
- "physikon" or nature.
- concern with the nature of ultimate reality.
Normative
Ethics
- Moral Philosophy.
- came from the greek word "ethos", which means character.
- science of correct doing.
- study of what is right and what is wrong.
- can be regarded as the technology of philosophy.
- cuz it teaches humans to function as a human being.
Politics
- looks up on the society, politics, and people making it home.
- society is unseperable to politics.
Aesthetics
- Philosophy of Art
- came from the greek word "aesthetikos", which means perceptive of things.
- concern with the essence of perception, objective, judgement of beauty and nature of art.